The Board of Governors, the highest decision-making body of the IMF, consists of one governor and one alternate governor for each member country. The governor is appointed by the member country and is ...

After narrowing sharply in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, overall current account surpluses and deficits reached 3 percent of world GDP in 2018, declining marginally while rotating ...

Namibia’s arid climate makes it highly susceptible to severe weather shocks. The prolonged drought in 2023–24 caused a sharp decline in crop yields and exacerbated food insecurity. This paper ...

With high unemployment, especially among the youth, Namibia lags behind the SSA region on labor market outcomes. Between 2012 and 2018, there was a structural shift in the economy from agriculture to ...

This paper presents a novel methodology—leveraging a combination of AI and machine learning to estimate the geographic distribution of international stablecoin flows, overcoming the “anonymity” of ...

We present new evidence on the impact of fiscal variables on long-term interest rates and term premia in the United States. To alleviate endogeneity problems, we follow the seminal methodology by ...

A Concluding Statement describes the preliminary findings of IMF staff at the end of an official staff visit (or ‘mission’), in most cases to a member country. Missions are undertaken as part of ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the 2025 discussions on common euro area policies with member countries. This year, the consultation also included a discussion o ...

1 Voting power varies on certain matters pertaining to the General Department with use of the Fund's resources in that Department. 2 Percentages of total votes (5,041,052) in the General Department ...

Kiribati faces significant development challenges due to its remoteness, limited landmass, and high exposure to climate-related shocks. The government has expanded social benefits and is pursuing an ...

On July 9, 2025, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Kiribati, and considered and endorsed the staff appraisal without a meeting.

Rising trade tensions, global policy uncertainty, and regional conflicts are presenting challenges to economies in the Middle East and North Africa and Caucasus and Central Asia regions. Policymakers ...