The use of data to challenge and improve healthcare has a long and distinguished history but has often failed to bring about expected improvements. It has never become fully embedded in clinical ...

Guidelines are integral to reducing variation in paediatric care by ensuring that children receive the right care, every time. However, for reasons discussed in this paper, clinicians do not always ...

A 3-year-old female was admitted for 2 days of fever and coryzal symptoms. She had three previous episodes of upper respiratory tract infection but no known immunodeficiency or history of aspiration.

A low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) is a common finding especially in neonates who are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Due to the varied causes that can lead to neonatal ...

### Key Points A parent attends your clinic reporting that their child typically takes 3–4 hours to fall asleep, wakes after around 3 hours and takes a further hour to resettle and then is difficult ...

Sarah Rodrigues, Dayna Rosenthal, Felicity Katz, Urshla Devalia, Mariana Fonseca ...

One-fifth of children in hospitals are undernourished. Ignorance of undernourishment results in poorer outcomes for those children: longer hospital stays, complications and readmission.1 Nutritional ...

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm babies is a serious gastrointestinal emergency with potentially devastating consequences. Prompt and accurate diagnosis continues to be a challenge for ...

Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) pose a particular challenge to diagnosis. Although individually rare, improved diagnostics and greater awareness have shown that the incidence is much greater than ...

We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then is not an act but a habitAristotle This quote from the Greek philosopher Aristotle from over 2000 years ago is still relevant today in the context of ...

Renal ultrasound is one of the most frequently requested imaging studies in children. Indications include urinary tract infection (UTI), renal dysfunction and to exclude structural abnormalities—for ...

This article aims to provide a concise, structured approach to the child with chest pain. Chest pain is a common presenting symptom in children but, unlike in adults, the cause is rarely cardiac. We ...