The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...

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Every time a eukaryotic cell divides, it faces a monumental challenge: It must carefully duplicate and divide its genetic material (chromosomes) equally, and then rebuild the nuclear envelope around ...

Figure 1: Expression patterns of the integrin α8 protein in the inner ear at E16 and P0. Figure 2: Utricular hair cells in mutant mice show stereocilia defects at P0 and E18. Figure 5: The ECM is ...