Inductors and transformers serve key roles in switch-mode power supplies. Ensuring they perform as expected requires thorough in-circuit measurements performed under operating conditions. Here’s what ...

The open-circuit voltages of mature single-junction photovoltaic devices are lower than the bandgap energy of the absorber, typically by a gap of 400 mV. For CdTe, which has a bandgap of 1.5 eV, the ...