You can make a bar graph in Excel by first selecting the range you want to depict, and then using the dropdown menu to select the desired chart.

A translation is a shift of the graph either horizontally parallel to the \(x\)-axis or vertically parallel to the \(y\)-axis. If \(f(x) = x^2\), then \(f(x) + a = x^2 + a\). The value of \(a\) ...